James Carpenter, born in 1840 was a British astronomer at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. During 1860s he performed the first observations of stellar spectra under the direction of the Astronomer Royal George Airy.
He was one of the three astronomers to successfully observe the dark underside of the rings of Saturn, in 1861-62. In 1871, the engineer James Nasmyth Along with James Carpenter produced a book about the Moon "the Moon - considered as a planet, a world and a Satellite. The crater Carpenter on the Moon is jointly named after him and Edwin Francis Carpenter.
The book on the Moon was illustrated by photographs of plaster models representing the lunar surface, with the illumination from various angles. The result was more realistic images of the lunar surface than could be achieved by telescope photography during that period. The authors were proponents for a volcanic origin of the craters, a theory that was later proved incorrect.
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